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BYETTA INJECTION
Byetta injection is a truly unique tool for the management
of type 2 diabetes and is an right option to consider when
patients cannot control their blood sugar using one or more
oral medications. It enhances glucose dependent insulin
secretion by the pancreatic beta cell, suppresses unsuitably
elevated glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying.
Byetta differs in chemical structure and pharmacological
action from insulin, sulfonylureas, biguanides,
thiazolidinediones and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
aconplia.
Byetta is supplied for subcutaneous injection as a sterile
and preserved isotonic solution in a glass cartridge that
has been assembled in a pen-injector (pen). Each milliliter
contains 250 micrograms (mcg) synthetic exenatide, 2.2 mg
metacresol as an antimicrobial preservative, mannitol as a
tonicity-adjusting agent, and glacial acetic acid and sodium
acetate trihydrate in water for injection as a buffering
solution at pH 4.5.
Incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), enhance
glucose-dependent insulin secretion and show other
antihyperglycemic actions following their release into the
circulation from the gut. Biatta Injection is an incretin
mimetic agent that mimics the enhancement of
glucose-dependent insulin secretion and several other
antihyperglycemic actions of incretins. The amino acid
sequence of Byetta partially overlaps that of human GLP-1.
Byetta Injection has been shown to bind and activate the
known human GLP-1 receptor invitro. This leads to an
increase in both glucose-dependent synthesis of insulin, and
in vivo secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, by
mechanisms involving cyclic AMP and other intracellular
signaling pathways. Byetta promotes insulin release from
beta cells in the presence of elevated glucose
concentrations. When administered in vivo, Byetta mimics
certain antihyperglycemic actions of GLP-1. Biatta improves
glycemic control by reducing fasting and postprandial
glucose concentrations in diabetic patients with type 2
diabetes.
Glucose-dependent insulin secretion: Byetta Injection has
acute effects on pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness to
glucose and leads to insulin release only in the presence of
high glucose concentrations.
The U S Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Byetta as adjunctive
therapy to improve blood sugar control in patients with type
2 diabetes who have not achieved adequate control on
metformin and/or a sulfonylurea, two common oral diabetes
medications. Byeta is a first-in-class medicine for those
who are not able to effectively control their blood sugar
with their current oral medications. Byetta improves blood
sugar control by reducing both post meal and fasting glucose
levels leading to better long-term control as measured by
hemoglobin A1C. Byeta does this through some actions,
including the stimulation of insulin secretion only when
blood sugar is high and by restoring the first-phase insulin
response, an activity of the insulin producing cells in the
pancreas that is lost in patients who have type 2 diabetes.
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